In this episode, host Tim O'Toole is joined by special guests Brad Brooks-Rubin (Arktouros) and Dr. David Soud (I.R. Consilium), as well as colleagues Collmann Griffin and Melissa Burgess (Miller & Chevalier), to discuss the many connections between gold and sanctions. The episode begins by exploring gold as a natural resource, the gold supply chain, and the difficulties of tracing gold. We also examine gold as a payment mechanism throughout history, and gold's function in foreign exchange transactions. Along the way, the episode dives into restrictions on gold in sanctions programs from the early days of the Trading with the Enemy Act through current Russia and Venezuela sanctions, cartel involvement in the gold supply chain, and use of gold as a hedge against sanctions.

Roadmap:

• Gold 101
• What are the risks related to Venezuela gold, despite the recent sanctions lifting in that sector?
• What are the connections between gold and cartels?
• How did Russia seek to use gold as part of its countersanctions strategy?  How did the United States respond?
• What is the connection between gold and conflict, for example in the DRC and Sudan?  How can sanctions counter this?  

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EMBARGOED! is not intended and cannot be relied on as legal advice; the content only reflects the thoughts and opinions of its hosts. EMBARGOED! is intelligent talk about sanctions, export controls, and all things international trade for trade nerds and normal human beings alike. Each episode will feature deep thoughts and hot takes about the latest headline-grabbing developments in this area of the law, as well as some below-the-radar items to keep an eye on. Subscribe wherever you get your podcasts for new episodes so you don't miss out!